Aecjusz (390–454) – tragiczny koniec „ostatniego Rzymianina”

Prawdopodobny portret Aecjusza, zdj. Wikipedia

Prawdopodobny portret Aecjusza, zdj. Wikipedia

Pierwsza połowa V wieku to czas, w którym armia rzymska, w obliczu ciągłego zagrożenia przez tak zwanych barbarzyńców, odgrywała szczególnie istotną rolę. Doprowadziło to do tego, że tacy wodzowie jak Stylichon, Flawiusz Konstancjusz czy Aecjusz skupili w swych rękach faktyczną władzę polityczną, odsuwając cesarzy od rządzenia i sprowadzając ich do roli marionetek. Zobaczymy, do czego taka sytuacja przywiodła sławnego generała, nazywanego już przez współczesnych mu ostatnim Rzymianinem. 

Prawdopodobny portret Aecjusza, zdj. Wikipedia

Pierwsza połowa V wieku to czas, w którym armia rzymska, w obliczu ciągłego zagrożenia przez tak zwanych barbarzyńców, odgrywała szczególnie istotną rolę. Doprowadziło to do tego, że tacy wodzowie jak Stylichon, Flawiusz Konstancjusz czy Aecjusz skupili w swych rękach faktyczną władzę polityczną, odsuwając cesarzy od rządzenia i sprowadzając ich do roli marionetek. Zobaczymy, do czego taka sytuacja przywiodła sławnego generała, nazywanego już przez współczesnych mu ostatnim Rzymianinem. 

W 425 roku na tron zachodniego imperium wyniesiony został sześcioletni Walentynian III. Po uroczystej intronizacji, która odbyła się w Rzymie, udał się on, wraz z matką Gallą Placydią, de facto regentką i opiekunką młodego władcy, do ówczesnej siedziby cesarskiej w Rawennie. Tam czekało na nich trudne zadanie pokonania uzurpatora do tronu – Jana, zakończenie wojny domowej, ułożenie stosunków z trzema głównodowodzącymi ówczesną rzymską armią i stawienie czoła plemionom barbarzyńskim. W walce z wrogiem wewnętrznym i zewnętrznym największą determinacją i umiejętnościami wykazał się Aecjusz. Przydatne okazały się jego doświadczenia zdobyte w wieku młodzieńczym u Wizygotów i Hunów, u których przebywał jako zakładnik. Ci ostatni wspierali go w 433 roku, gdy walczył z Wizygotami i Burgundami w Galii, co w decydujący sposób wzmocniło jego pozycję w Rawennie. Od 435 roku, pozbawiony rywali, stanął na czele armii i stał się najważniejszą postacią w imperium. Cieszył się respektem zarówno wśród rzymskich legionów, jak i barbarzyńców – na różne sposoby rozgrywanych przeciwko sobie. Budziło to narastającą frustrację młodego cesarza i jego matki, którzy dostrzegali postępującą marginalizację swojej roli. Nikt na dworze nie miał wątpliwości, że faktycznym władcą imperium był Aecjusz dzierżący nobilitujący tytuł patrycjusza (w tym czasie pozycja równa szefowi rządu). W paradoksalny sposób przyczynili się do tego sprzymierzeni z Aecjuszem Hunowie. Oni też stali się powodem jego upadku, w momencie gdy przeszli na pozycję wrogie Rzymowi. Miało to miejsce po wkroczeniu ich wojsk na tereny imperium, po tym jak cesarska siostra Honoria wysłała list do wodza Hunów, Attyli, z prośbą o pomoc i ofertą małżeństwa. Pomimo że Aecjusz pokonał ich na Polach Katalaunijskich w 451 roku, nie rozprawił się z nimi całkowicie, wierząc – nie bez racji – że ich rola w rozgrywce z germańskimi plemionami wciąż jest istotna, zwłaszcza w obliczu wzrostu znaczenia Wizygotów. W nich Aecjusz dostrzegał największe zagrożenie dla imperium. Zarzucano mu wówczas doprowadzenie do wielkich strat w ludziach i sprzyjanie barbarzyńcom.

Gdy jednak Hunowie niespodziewanie zniknęli z areny politycznej, Aecjusz przestał być dla cesarza nieodzowny. Pragnąc w tej sytuacji umocnić swą pozycję, generał dążył do małżeństwa swego syna Gaudencjusza z cesarską córką. O ile wcześniej sprawa ta nie budziłaby kontrowersji, obecnie cesarz nie widział potrzeby takiego (skądinąd korzystnego dla imperium) mariażu, dającego szansę na objęcie tronu po jego bezdzietnej śmierci potomkom Aecjusza. Skrywane do tej pory urazy w stosunku do własnego dowódcy przerodziły się w niechęć. Cesarz winił go za brak poparcia dla powtórnego połączenia imperium zachodniego i wschodniego w momencie śmierci jego kuzyna i zarazem teścia – Teodozjusza II (cesarza Wschodu). Dla Walentyniana byłby to przyczynek dla własnej chwały, ale Aecjusz uważał taki krok za niebezpieczny.

Nie wiemy, co ostatecznie przepełniło czarę goryczy sfrustrowanego cesarza, kiedy powziął decyzję o zamordowaniu niechcianego generała. Zabójstwa dokonał sam we wrześniu 454 roku. Nie wiemy też, czy taki był plan, czy też doszło do nieprzewidzianego wybuchu cesarskich emocji w trakcie audiencji, jakiej udzielał Aecjuszowi na rzymskim Palatynie. Priskos, wschodniorzymski kronikarz z V wieku, pisze, że cesarz z okrzykiem, iż ma „dość zdrad Aecjusza” dobył miecza i rzucił się na bezbronnego generała, a w dokonaniu mordu pomógł jego dworzanin. Tak zakończył swe życie jeden z najbardziej podziwianych wodzów czasów późnego cesarstwa, wychwalany przez Rzymian za swe cnoty – odwagę, determinację, oddanie państwu i lojalność wobec cesarza.

Wraz z Aecjuszem skończyła się epoka względnej stabilności imperium zachodniego. Kolejna dekada przyniesie wyłanianych w skrytobójczych walkach generałów i szybko zmieniających się cesarzy. Ich historia będzie już tylko uwerturą do upadku cesarstwa w 476 roku.

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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')700μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '243' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '243' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 243
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '243' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 243
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '243' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 243
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '243'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 243
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '243' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '243'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '10' limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 10
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '10' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 10
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '8' limit 1560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 8
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '243'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4089' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4089
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '243'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 243
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '244' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 244
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '244' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 244
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '244' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 244
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '244' and `lang` = 'pl'620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 244
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '244'580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 244
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '244' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 244
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '244'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 244
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '14' and `lang` = 'pl'590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 14
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '245' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 245
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '245' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 245
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '245' and `lang` = 'pl'730μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 245
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '245' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 245
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '245'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 245
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '245' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 245
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '245'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 245
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '9' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 9
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '247' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 247
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '247' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 247
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '247' and `lang` = 'pl'870μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 247
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '247' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 247
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '247'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 247
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '247' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 247
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '247'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 247
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '9' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 9
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '248' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 248
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '248' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 248
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '248' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 248
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '248' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 248
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '248'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 248
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '248' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 248
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '248'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 248
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '9' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 9
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '257' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 257
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '257' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 257
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '257' and `lang` = 'pl'660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 257
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '257' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 257
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '257'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 257
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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